Why Are 96,000,000 Black Balls on This Reservoir?

▶ this video Veritasium video about Los Angeles' reservoir black spheres project. They used black because - The goal was light-blocking more than anything else; black worked best - The black pigment held up to the environment (especially UV degradation) better than anything else they tried I expect the second point was the most important thing. Black plastic is very stable.

In a sort of related/inverse vein, I thought the engineering at play here was pretty interesting. 96 million shade balls on a public water supply reservoir: ▶ this video

I think that's the wrong way round: climate change causes longer summers and shorter winters, so the problem is one of cooling, not heating. Shade balls[0] could work, but then they'd have to cover part of the lake with that. EDIT: And of course, that also comes with a reduction in total light reaching the lake, which may have different side effects beyond temperature alone. [0] ▶ this video

Shading is used in California to prevent evaporation, see for example the well-documented use of "shade balls": link Their use in Los Angeles was covered in a Veritasium video that was all over YouTube for a while (97M views): ▶ this video The estimate given when they were added in 2015 – in the middle of a record drought – was that they would prevent the loss of 300 million gallons of water each year.

The article describes artificial reservoirs as the water body of choice, which are less complex (partly because they already destroyed the ecosystem that was there) than naturally forming lakes, and has the added benefit of reducing solar driven evaporation in the same vein as this[0] [0] ▶ this video

Or float those plastic balls [1] on it, like they do for some reservoirs to stop evaporation. It'd take a lot of them, but that'd work and could be both cheaper and more permanent. 1. ▶ this video